Publication Ethics

JIET adheres to the ethical guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All parties involved in the publication process — authors, editors, reviewers, and publisher — are expected to uphold the highest standards of publication ethics.

Ethical Guidelines for All Parties

For Authors

• Manuscripts must be original and free from plagiarism (similarity index ≤ 25%).
• Authors must disclose any conflicts of interest.
• Proper attribution and citation of all sources.
• Research involving human subjects must have ethical clearance from an appropriate institutional review board.
• All listed authors must have made substantive contributions to the work.
• Simultaneous submission to multiple journals is not permitted.

For Reviewers

• Reviews must be conducted objectively and confidentially.
• Reviewers must disclose any conflicts of interest.
• Constructive, respectful, and timely feedback is expected.

For Editors

• Editorial decisions are based on academic merit regardless of author identity.
• Editors must maintain confidentiality of submitted manuscripts.
• Editors must manage conflicts of interest appropriately.

Misconduct Handling & Retraction Policy

Cases of suspected misconduct (plagiarism, data fabrication, duplicate submission) will be handled in accordance with COPE guidelines and flowcharts. JIET is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record.

Erratum / Corrigendum

• Issued when minor errors (typographical, formatting, or factual) are identified that do not affect the overall findings or conclusions.
• The correction notice will be published and linked to the original article.

Retraction

A published article may be retracted if:

• There is clear evidence of unreliable findings due to misconduct (data fabrication, falsification) or honest error.
• Plagiarism is identified after publication.
• The article has been published elsewhere without proper disclosure (duplicate publication).
• Ethical violations are discovered (e.g., research conducted without proper ethical clearance, undisclosed conflicts of interest).
• Undisclosed use of AI tools in violation of the journal's AI-Assisted Writing Policy.

Retraction Process

1. Concerns may be raised by authors, readers, reviewers, or editors.
2. The Editor-in-Chief will investigate in accordance with COPE retraction guidelines.
3. Authors will be given the opportunity to respond.
4. A retraction notice will be published, clearly linked to the retracted article.
5. The retracted article will remain accessible but will be clearly marked as "RETRACTED".

Expression of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when:

• There are inconclusive findings from an investigation into alleged misconduct.
• Evidence of unreliability is emerging but the investigation is not yet complete.
• An investigation is underway but a final decision has not been reached.